.YouTube[data-astro-cid-wmyait4b]{aspect-ratio:16/9;margin-block:var(--space-4);border-radius:var(--radius-card);background:var(--surface-subtle);position:relative;overflow:hidden}.YouTube[data-astro-cid-wmyait4b] iframe[data-astro-cid-wmyait4b]{border:0;width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;inset:0}.bounded-response-check__fields[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44]{gap:.85rem;display:grid}.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] button[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44]{min-height:var(--control-height,2.75rem);padding:var(--space-1,.5rem) var(--space-4,1.5rem);border:1px solid var(--action-bg,var(--accent-700));border-radius:var(--radius-control,.5rem);color:var(--action-fg,var(--paper-0));background:var(--action-bg,var(--accent-700));cursor:pointer;font:650 var(--type-control,1rem)/1.3 var(--font-ui,var(--font-body));margin-top:.9rem}.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] button[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44]:not(:disabled):hover{border-color:var(--action-bg-hover,var(--accent-700));background:var(--action-bg-hover,var(--accent-700))}.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] button[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44]:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;opacity:.58}.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] button[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44]:active:not(:disabled){background:var(--action-bg-pressed)}.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] button[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44]:focus-visible{outline:var(--focus-ring-width) solid var(--focus-ring-color);outline-offset:var(--focus-ring-offset)}.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] [data-response-field-feedback]:not([hidden]){align-items:start;gap:var(--space-2);margin:var(--space-2) 0 0;padding:var(--space-3);border-radius:var(--radius-control);border-inline-start:3px solid var(--danger-700);color:var(--text-primary);background:var(--danger-100);font:var(--type-control)/var(--leading-ui) var(--font-ui);display:flex}.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] [data-response-state=correct] [data-response-field-feedback]{border-color:var(--success-700);background:var(--success-100)}.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] [data-response-field-feedback] svg{color:var(--danger-700);flex:none;margin-block-start:.15em}.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] [data-response-state=correct] [data-response-field-feedback] svg{color:var(--success-700)}.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] [data-response-field-feedback] strong{margin-block-end:var(--space-0);display:block}.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] .bounded-response-check__explanation{margin-block-start:var(--space-2);display:block}.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] .bounded-response-check__support{width:fit-content;min-height:2.75rem;margin-top:var(--space-1);align-items:center;display:flex}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] [data-response-field-feedback]:not([hidden]){animation:lesson-feedback-enter var(--motion-fast) ease}}@keyframes lesson-feedback-enter{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(4px)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] [data-response-field-feedback]{animation:none}}@media print{.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44]{display:none}.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44]:has(.numeric-response-field,.choice-response-field){display:block}.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] button[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44],.bounded-response-check__status[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44],.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] noscript[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44]{display:none!important}.bounded-response-check__fields[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44]{gap:.5rem}.bounded-response-check[data-astro-cid-ixlvnx44] [data-response-criterion]:not([data-response-kind=numeric],[data-response-kind=choice]){display:none}}.numeric-response-field[data-astro-cid-geey5ows]{gap:.35rem;display:grid}.numeric-response-field[data-astro-cid-geey5ows]>label[data-astro-cid-geey5ows]{color:var(--ink-800);font-family:var(--font-ui,var(--font-body));font-weight:750}.numeric-response-field__control[data-astro-cid-geey5ows]{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,14rem) minmax(0,auto);align-items:center;gap:.55rem;display:grid}.numeric-response-field[data-astro-cid-geey5ows] input[data-astro-cid-geey5ows]{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid var(--control-boundary);border-radius:var(--radius-control);width:100%;min-height:2.75rem;color:var(--ink-900);background:var(--paper-0);font:400 var(--type-control)/var(--leading-ui) var(--font-ui);padding:.6rem .7rem}.numeric-response-field[data-astro-cid-geey5ows][data-response-state=correct] input[data-astro-cid-geey5ows]{border-color:var(--success-700)}.numeric-response-field[data-astro-cid-geey5ows]:is([data-response-state=incorrect],[data-response-state=invalid],[data-response-state=unanswered]) input[data-astro-cid-geey5ows]{border-color:var(--danger-700)}.numeric-response-field[data-astro-cid-geey5ows] input[data-astro-cid-geey5ows]:focus-visible{outline:var(--focus-ring-width) solid var(--focus-ring-color);outline-offset:var(--focus-ring-offset)}.numeric-response-field[data-astro-cid-geey5ows][data-response-state=correct] input[data-astro-cid-geey5ows]{background:var(--success-100)}.numeric-response-field[data-astro-cid-geey5ows]:is([data-response-state=incorrect],[data-response-state=invalid],[data-response-state=unanswered]) input[data-astro-cid-geey5ows]{background:var(--danger-100)}.numeric-response-field__spoken-unit[data-astro-cid-geey5ows]{clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}@media print{.numeric-response-field[data-astro-cid-geey5ows] input[data-astro-cid-geey5ows],.numeric-response-field__feedback[data-astro-cid-geey5ows],.numeric-response-field__spoken-unit[data-astro-cid-geey5ows]{display:none!important}.numeric-response-field__control[data-astro-cid-geey5ows]{display:block}}.worked-steps[data-astro-cid-k2ekturk]{gap:var(--space-3,1rem);min-width:0;display:grid;container:worked-steps/inline-size}summary[data-astro-cid-k2ekturk]{align-items:center;gap:var(--space-2,.5rem);cursor:pointer;min-height:2.75rem;color:var(--ink-800);font:650 var(--type-control,1rem)/var(--leading-ui,1.4) var(--font-ui);flex-wrap:wrap;display:flex}summary[data-astro-cid-k2ekturk]:before{content:"+";width:1rem}details[data-astro-cid-k2ekturk][open]>summary[data-astro-cid-k2ekturk]:before{content:"−"}summary[data-astro-cid-k2ekturk]>span[data-astro-cid-k2ekturk]{color:var(--ink-600);font-weight:400}summary[data-astro-cid-k2ekturk]:focus-visible{outline:var(--focus-ring-width) solid var(--focus-ring-color);outline-offset:var(--focus-ring-offset)}.worked-steps__rows[data-astro-cid-k2ekturk]{gap:var(--space-3,1rem);padding-block:var(--space-2,.5rem);display:grid}.worked-steps[data-astro-cid-k2ekturk] .numeric-response-field{min-width:0}@container worked-steps (width>=36rem){.worked-steps[data-astro-cid-k2ekturk] .numeric-response-field{align-items:center;column-gap:var(--space-3,1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,16rem)}.worked-steps[data-astro-cid-k2ekturk] [data-response-field-feedback]{grid-column:1/-1}}@media print{summary[data-astro-cid-k2ekturk]{display:none}details[data-astro-cid-k2ekturk]::details-content{content-visibility:visible!important}details[data-astro-cid-k2ekturk]>.worked-steps__rows[data-astro-cid-k2ekturk]{display:grid!important}}.choice-response-field[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]{border:0;min-width:0;margin:0;padding:0}.choice-response-field[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg] legend[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]{color:var(--ink-800);font-family:var(--font-ui,var(--font-body));margin-bottom:.45rem;font-weight:750}.choice-response-field__options[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]{gap:.45rem;display:grid}.choice-response-field__options[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg] label[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]{gap:var(--space-2);box-sizing:border-box;min-height:var(--control-height);padding:var(--space-2) var(--space-3);border:1px solid var(--control-boundary);border-radius:var(--radius-control);background:var(--surface-raised);color:var(--text-primary);cursor:pointer;font:var(--type-control)/var(--leading-ui) var(--font-ui);transition:background-color var(--motion-fast) ease, border-color var(--motion-fast) ease;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr) 1.25rem;align-items:start;display:grid}.choice-response-field__options[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg] label[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]:hover{background:var(--surface-subtle);border-color:var(--accent-600)}.choice-response-field__options[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg] label[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]:active{background:var(--selected-bg)}.choice-response-field__options[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg] label[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]:has(input:checked){border-color:var(--accent-600);box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px var(--accent-600);background:var(--selected-bg)}.choice-response-field__options[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg] label[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]:has(input:focus-visible),.choice-response-field[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg] select[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]:focus-visible{outline:var(--focus-ring-width) solid var(--focus-ring-color);outline-offset:var(--focus-ring-offset)}.choice-response-field[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg] input[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]{width:1.15rem;height:1.15rem;accent-color:var(--accent-600);margin-top:.15rem}.choice-response-field[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg] select[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]{min-height:var(--control-height);max-width:100%;padding:var(--space-2) var(--space-4) var(--space-2) var(--space-2);border:1px solid var(--control-boundary);border-radius:var(--radius-control);color:var(--text-primary);background:var(--surface-raised);font:var(--type-control)/var(--leading-ui) var(--font-ui)}.choice-response-field[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg][data-response-state=correct] [data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]:is(select,label:has(input:checked)){border-color:var(--success-700);box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px var(--success-700);background:var(--success-100)}.choice-response-field[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg][data-response-state=incorrect] [data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]:is(select,label:has(input:checked)){border-color:var(--danger-700);box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px var(--danger-700);background:var(--danger-100)}.choice-response-field[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg][data-response-state=unanswered] [data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]:is(select,.choice-response-field__options>label){border-color:var(--danger-700)}.choice-response-field__result[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]{visibility:hidden;align-items:center;gap:var(--space-1);font-weight:650;font-size:var(--type-meta);grid-area:1/3;display:flex}.choice-response-field[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg][data-response-state=correct] label[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]:has(input:checked) .choice-response-field__result--correct[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]{visibility:visible;color:var(--success-700)}.choice-response-field[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg][data-response-state=incorrect] label[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]:has(input:checked) .choice-response-field__result--incorrect[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]{visibility:visible;color:var(--danger-700)}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.choice-response-field__options[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg] label[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]{transition:none}}.choice-response-field__print-options[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]{display:none}@media print{.choice-response-field[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg] input[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg],.choice-response-field[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg] select[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg],.choice-response-field__feedback[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg],.choice-response-field__result[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]{display:none!important}.choice-response-field__print-options[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]{display:block}.choice-response-field__options[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg] label[data-astro-cid-26l4shsg]{background:0 0;border-radius:0;min-height:0;padding:0;display:block;border:0!important}}.learning-block[data-astro-cid-7jaqpddf]{padding:var(--space-1) 0 var(--space-1) var(--space-3);border-inline-start:var(--space-0) solid var(--accent-600);margin-block:1.5rem}.learning-block--common-mistake[data-astro-cid-7jaqpddf]{border-inline-start-color:var(--warning-600)}.learning-block--practical[data-astro-cid-7jaqpddf]{border-inline-start-color:var(--info-600)}.learning-block--exam-tip[data-astro-cid-7jaqpddf]{border-inline-start-color:var(--warning-600)}.learning-block__title[data-astro-cid-7jaqpddf]{align-items:center;gap:var(--space-1);margin:0 0 var(--space-1);color:var(--accent-700);font:650 var(--type-meta)/var(--leading-ui) var(--font-ui);display:flex}.learning-block__title[data-astro-cid-7jaqpddf] svg{flex:none}.learning-block--common-mistake[data-astro-cid-7jaqpddf] .learning-block__title[data-astro-cid-7jaqpddf],.learning-block--exam-tip[data-astro-cid-7jaqpddf] .learning-block__title[data-astro-cid-7jaqpddf]{color:var(--warning-700)}.learning-block--practical[data-astro-cid-7jaqpddf] .learning-block__title[data-astro-cid-7jaqpddf]{color:var(--info-700)}.learning-block__body[data-astro-cid-7jaqpddf]>:first-child{margin-top:0}.learning-block__body[data-astro-cid-7jaqpddf]>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.learning-heading[data-astro-cid-7veml26e]{text-wrap:balance;scroll-margin-top:6rem}.learning-table-scroll[data-astro-cid-jjkqyzwo]{overscroll-behavior-inline:contain;contain:layout inline-size;width:100%;min-width:0;max-width:100%;margin-block:1.5rem;overflow-x:auto}.learning-table-scroll[data-astro-cid-jjkqyzwo]:focus-visible{outline:var(--focus-ring-width) solid var(--focus-ring-color);outline-offset:var(--focus-ring-offset)}@property --table-fade-start{syntax:"<length>";inherits:false;initial-value:0}@property --table-fade-end{syntax:"<length>";inherits:false;initial-value:0}@keyframes learning-table-scroll-fade{0%{--table-fade-start:0px;--table-fade-end:2.5rem}to{--table-fade-start:2.5rem;--table-fade-end:0px}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){@supports (animation-timeline:scroll()){.learning-table-scroll[data-astro-cid-jjkqyzwo]:not(:focus-visible){mask-image:linear-gradient(to right, transparent, #000 var(--table-fade-start), #000 calc(100% - var(--table-fade-end)), transparent);animation:linear both learning-table-scroll-fade scroll(self inline)}}}.learning-table-scroll[data-astro-cid-jjkqyzwo] table{width:max-content;min-width:100%;max-width:none;margin-block:0;display:table;overflow:visible}.learning-table-scroll[data-astro-cid-jjkqyzwo] :is(th,td){overflow-wrap:break-word;hyphens:manual;max-width:16rem}@media print{.learning-table-scroll[data-astro-cid-jjkqyzwo]{contain:none;overflow:visible;mask-image:none!important}.learning-table-scroll[data-astro-cid-jjkqyzwo] table{table-layout:auto;width:100%;max-width:100%}.learning-table-scroll[data-astro-cid-jjkqyzwo] :is(th,td){overflow-wrap:anywhere;padding:var(--space-1)!important;font-size:var(--type-meta)!important}.learning-table-scroll[data-astro-cid-jjkqyzwo] th{overflow-wrap:normal}}.hub-concepts--panels[data-astro-cid-5t2ctffy]{gap:var(--space-2);grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(min(100%,15rem),1fr));max-width:none;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}.hub-concepts--panels[data-astro-cid-5t2ctffy] li[data-astro-cid-5t2ctffy]{min-width:0;padding:var(--space-3);background:var(--surface-subtle);border:1px solid var(--control-boundary);border-radius:var(--radius-card);font:var(--type-control) / var(--leading-ui) var(--font-ui)}.hub-concepts__step[data-astro-cid-5t2ctffy]{gap:var(--space-1);align-items:center;display:flex}.hub-concepts__step[data-astro-cid-5t2ctffy] span[data-astro-cid-5t2ctffy]{color:var(--selected-fg);flex:none}.hub-concepts--panels[data-astro-cid-5t2ctffy] p[data-astro-cid-5t2ctffy]{margin-block:var(--space-1)}.hub-concepts__position[data-astro-cid-5t2ctffy]{color:var(--text-secondary);font-size:var(--type-caption)}.hub-concepts__figure[data-astro-cid-5t2ctffy]{margin-block:var(--space-3)}.revision-card[data-astro-cid-54jt2le6]{min-width:0;padding:var(--space-3);border:1px solid var(--control-boundary);border-radius:var(--radius-card);background:var(--surface-subtle);font-family:var(--font-ui)}.revision-card[data-astro-cid-54jt2le6] [data-astro-cid-54jt2le6]:is(h3,h4){align-items:start;gap:var(--space-1);margin:0 0 var(--space-2);font:650 var(--type-control) / var(--leading-ui) var(--font-ui);display:flex}.revision-card[data-astro-cid-54jt2le6] [data-astro-cid-54jt2le6]:is(h3,h4) span[data-astro-cid-54jt2le6]{color:var(--selected-fg);flex:none}.revision-card__body[data-astro-cid-54jt2le6]{font-size:var(--type-control);line-height:var(--leading-ui);overflow-wrap:anywhere}.revision-card__body[data-astro-cid-54jt2le6] p:first-child{margin-top:0}.revision-card__body[data-astro-cid-54jt2le6] p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.revision-card__mistake[data-astro-cid-54jt2le6]{margin-top:var(--space-2);font-size:var(--type-meta)}.revision-card__mistake[data-astro-cid-54jt2le6] summary[data-astro-cid-54jt2le6]{min-height:var(--control-height);cursor:pointer;align-content:center;font-weight:600}.revision-card__source[data-astro-cid-54jt2le6] a{min-height:var(--control-height);font-size:var(--type-meta);align-items:center;display:inline-flex}@media print{.revision-card[data-astro-cid-54jt2le6]{break-inside:avoid}}.revision-cards[data-astro-cid-ka75zjcn]{gap:var(--space-2);margin-block:var(--space-3);grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));display:grid}@media (width<=55rem){.revision-cards[data-astro-cid-ka75zjcn]{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}}@media print{.revision-cards[data-astro-cid-ka75zjcn]{display:block}}