Manufacturing Ammonia

Haber Process Ammonia ($\text{NH}_{3}$) is manufactured from nitrogen and hydrogen by the Haber process (which is a reversible reaction). Starting Ingredients – Nitrogen & Hydrogen Nitrogen is obtained from the fractional distillation of liquid air. Hydrogen is obtained from steam reforming of natural gas: $\text{CH}_{4}(\text{g}) + 2\text{H}_{2}\text{O}(\text{g}) \rightarrow \text{CO}_{2}(\text{g})+4\text{H}_{2}(\text{g})$ cracking of petroleum fractions: $\text{C}_{2}\text{H}_{6}(\text{g}) \rightarrow …

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Reversible Reaction

A reversible reaction ($\rightleftharpoons$) is a reaction that can take place in both directions – i.e. forward reaction and backward reaction. When the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward reaction, the reaction is said to have reached a state of dynamic equilibrium. When a chemical reaction reaches a state of …

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Preparation of Soluble Salts & Insoluble Salts

Preparation of Soluble Salts The methods of preparing soluble salts are categorised into: Solution + Solid Solution + Solution Solution + Solid In the “solution + solid” method, a solid and solution are reacted together to form soluble salt. You may follow the following procedures to prepare soluble salts: Add solid, a little at a …

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Salts

A salt is an ionic compound formed when the hydrogen atom in an acid is replaced by a metal ion or ammonium ion. Note: Please do not restrict your thinking/interpretation of “salt” to the normal “table salt” in your kitchen. Neutralization is one common reaction whereby a salt is produced. An acid reacts with a …

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