Patterns in the Periodic Table Starting Check · G3 Combined Science Chemistry

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Magnesium has proton number 12. Which statement about its place in the Periodic Table is correct?

It comes directly after the element with proton number 11, and its configuration 2,8,2 places it in Period 3, Group 2.
It comes directly after the element with the next lower relative atomic mass, in Period 2, Group 3.
It comes directly after the element with proton number 11, in Period 2, Group 12.
Its position depends on its density, which places it in Group 2.

Sodium (2,8,1) and potassium (2,8,8,1) are both reactive metals with similar reactions. Which explanation is correct?

Each atom has one outer electron that it tends to lose, which makes both metallic and gives them similar reactions.
Each atom has a full outer shell, which makes them metallic.
They have the same number of shells, which gives similar reactions.
Each atom tends to gain seven electrons, which makes both metallic.

Caesium is below potassium in Group 1, and iodine is below chlorine in Group 17. Which pair of predictions is correct?

Caesium reacts more vigorously with water than potassium; iodine does not displace chlorine from aqueous potassium chloride.
Caesium reacts less vigorously with water than potassium; iodine displaces chlorine from aqueous potassium chloride.
Caesium reacts more vigorously with water than potassium; iodine displaces chlorine from aqueous potassium chloride.
Caesium has a higher melting point than potassium; iodine is a gas like chlorine.

Which statement about Period 3, from sodium to argon, is correct?

The elements change from metals to non-metals, and argon is unreactive because its outer shell is full.
The elements change from non-metals to metals, and argon is very reactive.
All the elements are metals, and argon is unreactive because it is a gas.
The elements change from metals to non-metals, and argon is unreactive because it has no outer electrons.

Calcium reacts with cold water, magnesium reacts with steam but only very slowly with cold water, and copper does not react with steam or dilute hydrochloric acid. What is their order of reactivity, most reactive first?

Calcium, magnesium, copper
Copper, magnesium, calcium
Magnesium, calcium, copper
Calcium, copper, magnesium

Which pair of statements about iron is correct? (1) Compared with potassium, iron is easier or harder to obtain from its ore. (2) Iron rusts when exposed to…

(1) Easier, because iron is lower in the reactivity series; (2) both oxygen and water
(1) Harder, because iron is lower in the reactivity series; (2) both oxygen and water
(1) Easier, because iron is lower in the reactivity series; (2) oxygen alone
(1) Harder, because iron is more reactive than potassium; (2) water alone

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Which Group 1 metal is expected to react more vigorously with water?

Both must react at exactly the same rate
Lithium rather than both sodium and potassium
Potassium rather than sodium
Sodium rather than potassium because it is higher

Which position in the reactivity series usually allows a metal to be extracted from its oxide by heating with carbon?

A metal more reactive than carbon because it binds oxygen most strongly
A metal below carbon in the reactivity series
A metal with exactly the same reactivity as carbon.
Only metals that never form oxides

Which best explains the similar chemical properties of the Group 1 elements?

They have the same number of occupied shells
They have the same number of outer-shell (valence) electrons
They have the same nucleon number
They have the same number of neutrons

Element X has one outer electron and element Y has seven outer electrons in the same period. Which classification is most plausible?

X is metallic and tends to lose an electron; Y is non-metallic and tends to gain or share an electron.
X is non-metallic because one electron is a full shell; Y is metallic because seven is larger.
Both must be noble gases because both have outer electrons.
Both must form ions with the same charge because they are in one period.

Metal X displaces copper from copper(II) sulfate solution. What is supported?

X is more reactive than copper
X is less reactive than copper
Copper and X have identical reactivity
Copper is more reactive because it appears in the product

Three iron nails are kept in dry air, boiled water covered with oil, and ordinary water exposed to air. Which should rust most?

The nail in boiled water under oil
All three rust equally because iron alone is sufficient
The nail in ordinary water exposed to air
The nail in dry air

Two samples contain different isotopes of chlorine. Why do both belong at the same Periodic Table position?

Every chlorine isotope has proton number 17, and periodic position is determined by proton number.
They have identical neutron numbers, so their masses are equal.
Periodic position is an average of proton and neutron numbers.
The heavier isotope must be placed one position later.

Which position in the reactivity series indicates that a metal can displace hydrogen from dilute hydrochloric acid?

Below hydrogen
Above hydrogen
Any position in the series
Below copper

Why is helium a noble gas even though it has only 2 electrons (not 8)?

Because helium has no neutrons
Because the first shell is full with 2 electrons
Because helium has 8 electrons in its nucleus
Because helium is a metal

An element has electron configuration 2,8,1. What are its period and group?

Period 3, Group 1
Period 1, Group 3
Period 3, Group 18
Period 2, Group 8

How do Group 17 halogens exist as elements?

Diatomic molecules
Single metal atoms
Giant ionic lattices
Positive ions only

Which products form when a Group 1 metal reacts with water?

Metal hydroxide and hydrogen
Metal oxide and oxygen
Metal carbonate and hydrogen
Metal chloride and water

What is the trend in reactivity from lithium to sodium to potassium?

It increases
It decreases
It remains identical
It changes randomly

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Chlorine water is added to potassium bromide solution. What is predicted?

Bromide displaces chlorine because bromine is lower in the group
No reaction because all halogens have identical reactivity
Bromine displaces chloride ions to form chlorine
Chlorine displaces bromide, forming bromine

Which statement links reactivity to obtaining metals from ores?

More reactive metals are generally harder to obtain from their stable compounds
More reactive metals always occur uncombined
Reactivity has no relationship to extraction
All metals use the same extraction method

Why do sodium and potassium have similar chemical reactions?

Both atoms have the same proton number
Both have one outer-shell electron
Both have the same number of occupied shells
Both are in Period 1

Across Period 3 from sodium towards chlorine, which change is expected?

Metallic character decreases as the number of outer electrons increases and atoms become less likely to form positive ions.
Metallic character increases because every element gains another occupied shell.
Metallic character is unrelated to outer electrons and stays constant.
Non-metallic character decreases because proton number increases.

Zinc is added to copper(II) sulfate solution. What happens?

Zinc displaces copper
Copper displaces zinc
No reaction because both are metals
Hydrogen is formed

Which treatment protects iron mainly by forming a physical barrier?

Place it in ordinary water exposed to air
Scratch off every coating before outdoor use
Polish the iron once, then leave it exposed to damp air.
Cover it completely with paint, grease or plastic

Element P has proton number 12 and element Q has proton number 13. Which statement about their order in the Periodic Table is correct?

P comes immediately before Q because elements are arranged by increasing proton number.
Q comes before P because 13 is the larger proton number.
Their order is decided only by relative atomic mass.
P and Q occupy the same position because their proton numbers differ by only one.

A student predicts that copper metal will produce hydrogen when added to dilute hydrochloric acid. Which statement corrects the prediction?

Copper is above hydrogen and produces hydrogen rapidly
Copper is below hydrogen and does not displace it from dilute hydrochloric acid
Copper displaces carbon dioxide from dilute hydrochloric acid
Copper produces hydrogen only if the hydrochloric acid is concentrated

Which statement about noble gases is correct?

They are unreactive because they always have 8 electrons in total
They are unreactive because they have a full outer shell
They are unreactive because they have no neutrons
They are unreactive because they have no electrons

Element X has electron configuration 2,8,6. Which prediction is correct?

Period 3; Group 16; commonly forms $X^{2-}$
Period 6; Group 3; forms $X^{2+}$
Period 3; Group 6; forms $X^{6+}$
Period 2; Group 18; forms no ion

Which description matches Group 1 metals?

Soft metals with low densities
Diatomic non-metals
Dense gases
Unreactive monatomic elements

Which is the balanced general equation for a Group 1 metal reacting with water?

$\ce{2M + 2H2O -> 2MOH + H2}$
$\ce{M + H2O -> MO + H2}$
$\ce{2M + H2O -> M2O + H2}$
$\ce{M + 2H2O -> M(OH)2 + H2}$

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Patterns in the Periodic Table Starting Check · G3 Combined Science Chemistry

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