Maintaining Air Quality topic check · G3 Pure and O-Level Chemistry
Check what you know about G3 Pure Chemistry Maintaining Air Quality, practise what needs work, then check your progress and come back for a later review.
Learning objectives
- describe the volume composition of gases present in dry air as being approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and the remainder being noble gases (with argon as the main constituent) and carbon dioxide
- name some common atmospheric pollutants, e.g. carbon monoxide; methane; nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2); ozone; sulfur dioxide; unburned hydrocarbons
- state the sources of these pollutants as — carbon monoxide from incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances
- state the sources of these pollutants as — nitrogen oxides from lightning activity and internal combustion engines
- state the sources of these pollutants as — sulfur dioxide from volcanoes and combustion of fossil fuels
- describe the reactions used in possible solutions to the problems arising from some of the pollutants named in (b) — the redox reactions in catalytic converters to remove combustion pollutants (see also 10(d))
- describe the reactions used in possible solutions to the problems arising from some of the pollutants named in (b) — the use of calcium carbonate to reduce the effect of ‘acid rain’ and in flue gas desulfurisation
- discuss some of the effects of these pollutants on health and on the environment — the toxic nature of carbon monoxide
- discuss some of the effects of these pollutants on health and on the environment — the role of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the formation of ‘acid rain’ and its effects on respiration and buildings
- discuss the importance of the ozone layer and the problems involved with the depletion of ozone by reaction with chlorine-containing compounds, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
- describe the carbon cycle in simple terms, to include — the processes of combustion, respiration and photosynthesis
- describe the carbon cycle in simple terms, to include — how the carbon cycle regulates the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (see also 11.1(d))
- state that carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases and may contribute to global warming; give the sources of these gases and describe the potential effects of increased levels of these greenhouse gases, including more extreme weather events and melting of polar ice.
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