Chemistry Simulations
Run the experiment, change one thing at a time and watch what the particles and the measurements do. Each simulation has a few things to try.
Atoms and electrons
Particles and gases
Kinetic particle theory explorer
Heat ice to steam and cool it back while you watch the particles and the heating curve, then race ammonia against hydrogen chloride along a tube.
O Level
Gas laws explorer
Measure the pressure of an ideal gas from its wall collisions as you change n, V and T, find the partial pressures in a mixture, and see when real gases stop behaving ideally.
A Level
Bonding and structure
Molecular shapes explorer
Turn 3D models of molecules and ions to see how bond pairs and lone pairs set their shapes, bond angles and polarity.
A Level
Bonding and structure explorer
Heat, strike and test the conductivity of giant ionic, giant covalent, metallic and simple molecular substances, and explain what you see from their particles.
O Level · A Level
Moles and quantities
Rates of reaction
Rates of reaction lab
Collect gas in a syringe and compare volume–time curves as you change concentration, particle size, temperature, mass and catalyst.
O Level · A Level
Collision theory explorer
Watch particles of A and B collide, see which collisions have enough energy to react, and link them to the Boltzmann distribution as you change temperature, concentration, particle size and catalyst.
O Level · A Level
Energy changes
Acids, bases and equilibrium
Acid–base titration lab
Titrate acids and alkalis drop by drop: watch the indicator change, plot the pH curve and find an unknown concentration from concordant titres.
O Level · A Level
Chemical equilibrium explorer
Watch a reversible reaction reach dynamic equilibrium, then change concentration, pressure, temperature or catalyst and compare Qc with Kc as it settles again.
O Level · A Level
Electrolysis and cells
Organic chemistry
Analysis and spectroscopy
Qualitative analysis lab
Identify unknown cations, anions and gases at a test-tube bench: add aqueous sodium hydroxide, ammonia and the anion reagents, test any gas, and record what you see.
O Level · A Level
Infrared spectroscopy explorer
Read infrared spectra of alcohols, acids, carbonyl compounds, amines, nitriles, alkenes and greenhouse gases against the characteristic ranges, see which bond vibrates for each band and match unknown spectra.
A Level
¹H NMR spectroscopy explorer
See how chemical shift, integration and n + 1 splitting arise in the ¹H NMR spectra of real compounds, shake O–H and N–H protons out with D₂O and deduce the structures of unknowns.
A Level
Mass spectrometry explorer
Read the mass spectra of real compounds: find the molecular ion, count carbon atoms from the M+1 peak, recognise chlorine and bromine from M+2 and M+4 peaks and see which bond breaks to give each fragment.
A Level