Experimental chemistry
Choose measurement, gas-collection and separation methods for G2 Science Chemistry, and use melting or boiling data to assess purity.
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Before you begin
Choose measurement, gas-collection and separation methods for G2 Science Chemistry, and use melting or boiling data to assess purity.
Learning goals
- Name apparatus for measuring time, temperature, mass and volume, including burettes, pipettes, measuring cylinders and gas syringes
- Suggest suitable apparatus for simple experiments, including collecting gases
- Choose and use suitable techniques, apparatus and materials
- Take readings and record observations in experiments
- Interpret and evaluate data and observations from experiments
- Evaluate an experimental method and suggest improvements
- Describe separation and purification using a suitable solvent, filtration, and crystallisation or evaporation
- Describe separation by distillation and fractional distillation
- Describe separation by paper chromatography
- Suggest how to separate and purify a mixture of solids from information about its substances
- Suggest how to separate and purify a solid–liquid mixture from information about its substances
- Suggest how to separate and purify a mixture of miscible liquids from information about its substances
- Interpret paper chromatograms by comparing them with known samples
- Deduce a substance's identity and purity from melting and boiling point data
Syllabus statements covered
- name appropriate apparatus for the measurement of time, temperature, mass and volume; including burettes, pipettes, measuring cylinders and gas syringes
- suggest suitable apparatus, given relevant information, for a variety of simple experiments, including collection of gases.
- describe methods of separation and purification for the components of mixtures, to include: — use of a suitable solvent, filtration and crystallisation or evaporation
- describe methods of separation and purification for the components of mixtures, to include: — distillation and fractional distillation (see also 8.1(b))
- describe methods of separation and purification for the components of mixtures, to include: — paper chromatography
- suggest suitable separation and purification methods, given information about the substances involved in the following types of mixtures: — solid-solid
- suggest suitable separation and purification methods, given information about the substances involved in the following types of mixtures: — solid-liquid
- suggest suitable separation and purification methods, given information about the substances involved in the following types of mixtures: — liquid-liquid (miscible)
- interpret paper chromatograms including comparison with ‘known’ samples (the use of Rf values is not required)
- deduce from given melting point and boiling point data the identities of substances and their purity.
- select and use techniques, apparatus and materials
- take readings and record observations
- interpret and evaluate experimental data and observations
- evaluate methods and suggest possible improvements.
Lessons
Work through them in order.
- Experimental methodsChoose apparatus to measure time, temperature, mass and volume, and collect gases.
- Separation and purityChoose a separation method, read a chromatogram and judge purity from melting and boiling points.
- Experimental chemistry reviewConnect measurement, gas collection, separation and purity decisions with a concise guide and a combined-method problem.Supporting
Practise and check
Or choose