Experimental chemistry
Choose G3 Science Chemistry apparatus, gas-collection and separation methods, read chromatograms and assess purity from melting or boiling data.
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Before you begin
Choose G3 Science Chemistry apparatus, gas-collection and separation methods, read chromatograms and assess purity from melting or boiling data.
Learning goals
- Name apparatus for measuring time, temperature, mass and volume, including burettes, pipettes, measuring cylinders and gas syringes
- Suggest suitable apparatus for simple experiments, including collecting gases and measuring reaction rates
- Describe separation and purification using a suitable solvent, filtration, and crystallisation or evaporation
- Describe separation by distillation and fractional distillation
- Describe separation by paper chromatography
- Suggest how to separate and purify a mixture of solids from information about its substances
- Suggest how to separate and purify a solid–liquid mixture from information about its substances
- Suggest how to separate and purify a mixture of miscible liquids from information about its substances
- Interpret paper chromatograms by comparing them with known samples
- Deduce a substance's identity and purity from melting and boiling point data
- Follow a sequence of practical instructions
- Use practical techniques, apparatus and materials
- Make and record observations, measurements and estimates in experiments
- Interpret and evaluate observations and results from experiments
- Plan an investigation and choose its techniques, apparatus and materials
- Evaluate an experimental method and suggest improvements
Syllabus statements covered
- name appropriate apparatus for the measurement of time, temperature, mass and volume; including burettes, pipettes, measuring cylinders and gas syringes
- suggest suitable apparatus, given relevant information, for a variety of simple experiments, including collection of gases and measurement of rates of reaction.
- describe methods of separation and purification for the components of mixtures, to include: — use of a suitable solvent, filtration and crystallisation or evaporation
- describe methods of separation and purification for the components of mixtures, to include: — distillation and fractional distillation (see also 11.1(b))
- describe methods of separation and purification for the components of mixtures, to include: — paper chromatography
- suggest suitable separation and purification methods, given information about the substances involved in the following types of mixtures: — solid-solid
- suggest suitable separation and purification methods, given information about the substances involved in the following types of mixtures: — solid-liquid
- suggest suitable separation and purification methods, given information about the substances involved in the following types of mixtures: — liquid-liquid (miscible)
- interpret paper chromatograms including comparison with ‘known’ samples (the use of Rf values is not required)
- deduce from given melting point and boiling point data the identities of substances and their purity.
- follow a sequence of instructions;
- use techniques, apparatus and materials;
- make and record observations, measurements and estimates;
- interpret and evaluate observations and experimental results;
- plan investigations, select techniques, apparatus and materials;
- evaluate methods and suggest possible improvements.
Lessons
Work through them in order.
- Experimental chemistryConnect measurement, gas collection, separation and purity decisions with a concise guide and a combined-method problem.
- Experimental methodsChoose apparatus to measure time, temperature, mass and volume, collect gases and carry out a titration.
- Separation and purityChoose a separation method, read a chromatogram and judge purity from melting and boiling points.
Practise and check
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