Acid-Base Theory
Model selection and exam-safe acid-base language, from Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry to Lewis and conjugate-pair logic.
This route helps when you keep missing the same type of question across different topics. Use it to combine lesson notes with linked practice and tools in one place.
Notes and Hubs in This Route
- Acids and Bases (Theories) (A Level)
A Level acid–base theories notes: apply Arrhenius, Brønsted–Lowry and Lewis models, identify conjugate pairs, and explain Lewis adduct formation.
- Arrhenius, Brønsted–Lowry, Lewis Definitions (A Level)
Choose the right acid–base definition (Arrhenius, Brønsted–Lowry, Lewis) and write one-line justifications that match exam wording.
- Conjugate Pairs and Amphoteric Species (A Level)
Identify conjugate acid–base pairs, distinguish amphiprotic from broader amphoteric behaviour, and track one-proton charge changes.
- Lewis Adducts and Exam Phrasing (A Level)
Recognise Lewis acid–base reactions as adduct formation, and match common exam phrases (‘electron-pair acceptor/donor’) to correct species.
- Period 3 Oxides and Chlorides (A Level)
Explain Period 3 oxidation numbers, oxide and chloride bonding, reactions with water, and acid-base behaviour of the specified oxides and hydroxides.
- Titration Curves and Indicators (A Level)
Interpret acid–base titration curves, identify buffer regions and equivalence points, and choose suitable indicators with clear justification.
- Chemistry of Aqueous Solutions (A Level)
A Level aqueous equilibria notes: pH and Ka/Kb/Kw calculations, buffers and titration curves, Ksp and precipitation, plus common ion effect and complex ions.
- Buffer Solutions (A Level)
Understand buffer action and calculate pH changes using Ka/pKa and concentration ratios, including approximation checks and common exam traps.
- Ka, Kb, Kw, pKa, pKb (A Level)
Define Ka, Kb, Kw, pKa and pKb, and use key relationships to move between constants, pH and equilibrium reasoning with exam-safe meanings.
- pH Calculations (Strong and Weak) (A Level)
Calculate pH for strong and weak acids/bases using Ka/Kb, with clear approximations, ICE tables when needed, and final-answer checks.